Kirk Kristofferson

• Kristofferson, K.; Lamberton, C.; Dahl, D. W., 2018, "Can Brands Ever Squeeze Wine from Sour Grapes? The Importance of Self-Esteem in Understanding Envy’s Effects", Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, April 3(2): 229 - 239.
  Abstract: Brands frequently rely on envy as a means of fostering brand connection and motivating consumer purchase. The current investigation extends recent consumer research in this area, using an interpersonal envy-inducing method to capture envy’s effects on consumers’ brand and product perceptions. We find that while lower self-esteem consumers withdraw from brands when experiencing malicious envy, higher self-esteem consumers preserve or enhance their relationship with an envied brand when experiencing this emotion. As such, while using envy to foster brand relationships and motivate purchase can be successful with higher self-esteem consumers, among lower self-esteem consumers this tactic is likely to prove largely ineffective and may in fact backfire. Finally, we also show that providing external opportunities to self-affirm in ways other than brand or product denigration reduces the negative consequences of envy among low self-esteem consumers.

  Link(s) to publication:

  https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/697082

  http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/697082

• Kristofferson, K.; McFerran,, B.; Morales, A. C.; Dahl, D. W., 2017, "The Dark Side of Scarcity Promotions: How Exposure to Limited Quantity Promotions Can Induce Aggression", Journal of Consumer Research, February 43(5): 683 - 706.
  Abstract: Marketers frequently use scarcity promotions, where a product or event is limited in availability. The present research shows conditions under which the mere exposure to such advertising can activate actual aggression that manifests even outside the domain of the good being promoted. Further, we document the process underlying this effect: exposure to limited-quantity promotion advertising prompts consumers to perceive other shoppers as competitive threats to obtaining a desired product and physiologically prepares consumers to aggress. Seven studies using multiple behavioral measures of aggression demonstrate this deleterious response to scarcity promotions.

  Link(s) to publication:

  https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article/43/5/683/2528223

  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucw056

• Kristofferson, K.; White, K.; Peloza, J., 2014, "The Nature of Slacktivism: How the Social Observability of an Initial Act of Token Support Impacts Subsequent Prosocial Action", Journal of Consumer Research, April 40(6): 1149 - 1166.
  Abstract: Prior research offers competing predictions regarding whether an initial token display of support for a cause (such as wearing a ribbon, signing a petition, or joining a Facebook group) subsequently leads to increased and otherwise more meaningful contributions to the cause. The present research proposes a conceptual framework elucidating two primary motivations that underlie subsequent helping behavior: a desire to present a positive image to others and a desire to be consistent with one's own values. Importantly, the socially observable nature (public vs. private) of initial token support is identified as a key moderator that influences when and why token support does or does not lead to meaningful support for the cause. Consumers exhibit greater helping on a subsequent, more meaningful task after providing an initial private (vs. public) display of token support for a cause. Finally, the authors demonstrate how value alignment and connection to the cause moderate the observed effects.

  Link(s) to publication:

  http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674137

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