Klaus E. Meyer is Professor of International Business at Ivey Business School. He joined in 2017 after six years at the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai.
Professor Meyer is a leading scholar in the field of international business conducting research on the strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), especially foreign entry strategies, in emerging economies, especially Eastern Europe and East Asia. A central theme of his research is the influence of local contexts on the strategies and operations of MNEs operating in emerging economies. Recent work is investigating the strategies of MNEs originating from emerging economies, in particular China, and how their origins shape their international growth strategies.
He has published over 70 articles in leading scholarly journals, in particular in Journal of International Business Studies, Strategic Management Journal and Journal of Management Studies, and he published seven books, including the textbook “International Business” (with Mike Peng, published by Cengage Learning, 2nd ed., 2016). He is serving as Area Editor of the Journal of International Business Studies since July 2016. In 2012-2014, he was Vice President of the AIB and chaired the 2014 AIB conference in Vancouver, Canada.
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Yang, W.; Meyer, K. E.,
(Forthcoming), "How does ownership influence business growth? A competitive dynamics perspective", International Business Review.
Abstract: Firms engage in competitive actions to gain market share and hence to grow their revenues. However, not all firms are equally able to use competitive actions to drive growth. We argue that the ability to translate competitive actions to revenue growth depends on the ownership of the firm. Drawing on principal-agent and principal-principal perspectives, we argue that: (1) private owners (both foreign and local) are better able to employ aggressive actions to grow their business than state owners; (2) firms with multiple owners (especially international joint ventures) are less able to implement actions that drive business growth than full ownership. We find support for these arguments in empirical tests on survey-based data of 106 firms in China. Results show that in an emerging market the principal-principal perspective can better explain governance and competition than the principal-agent perspective.
Link(s) to publication:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593117300690
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.009
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Liu, Y.; Meyer, K. E.,
(Forthcoming), "Boundary spanners, HRM practices, and reverse knowledge transfer: The case of Chinese cross-border acquisitions", Journal of World Business.
Abstract: This paper investigates the role of boundary spanners in reverse knowledge transfer in EMNEs’ cross-border acquisitions. Applying a micro-foundational approach and building on boundary spanning as theoretical perspective, we conducted case studies of acquisitions by Chinese companies in Germany and the UK. We find reverse knowledge transfer is a collective endeavour that relies on both the ability and motivation of individual boundary spanners as well as team-based international collaborations. We propose a conceptual framework of reverse knowledge transfer with two mechanisms—enabling and materializing. Their successful implementation depends not only on the personal characteristics of boundary spanners, but on supportive HRM practices.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.07.007
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Rosenbusch, N.; Gusenbauer, M.; Hatak, I.; Fink, M.; Meyer, K. E.,
(Forthcoming), "Innovation offshoring, institutional context and innovation performance: A meta analysis", Journal of Management Studies.
Abstract: Innovation offshoring (IO) has become a widespread management practice. Yet, evidence on the performance implications is inconsistent, and scattered across disciplines and contexts. We argue that the benefits firms can derive from IO depend on the institutional environment at home. Drawing on recent work on institutional theory in international business, we explore institutions that facilitate reverse knowledge transfer and/or institutional arbitrage with respect to innovation‐related activities. The results of our meta‐analysis that synthesizes evidence from 48 samples show that IO is related positively to innovation performance. As predicted, this relationship is moderated by differences in the institutional environments across countries. Specifically, when national innovation systems are weak at home, IO appears to enable institutional arbitrage strategy whereas Confucian cultures enable more effective reverse knowledge transfer. However, contrary to our expectations, the beneficial effects of IO appear to have diminished over time.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12407
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Cui, L.; Hu, H.; Li, S.; Meyer, K. E.,
2018, "Corporate Political Connections in Global Strategy", Global Strategy Journal, August 8(3): 379 - 398.
Abstract: The role of corporate political connections (CPC) in global strategy has been examined in a variety of institutional contexts and analyzed from different theoretical perspectives. This literature along with the papers in this special issue, demonstrate the importance of contextualization in understanding the motivations, processes, and outcomes of firms developing and utilizing CPC in global strategy. We argue that context specific aspects of CPC, such as the political system in which the firm is operating, need to be incorporated more systematically to advance theory development globally. Future studies on CPC can advance this agenda through cross‐country comparative research, deeper engagement with political science literature, linking CPC with other non‐market strategies, and configurational analysis of the multidimensional context of CPC.
Link(s) to publication:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gsj.1325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1325
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Li, J.; Meyer, K. E.; Zhang, H.; Ding, Y.,
2018, "Diplomatic and corporate networks: Bridges to foreign locations", Journal of International Business Studies, August 49(6): 659 - 683.
Abstract: © 2017 Academy of International Business Firms and governments operate in broad networks in which the home government and its diplomatic service are a critical node – or a “referral point” – between firms and potential partners in foreign locations. Thus diplomatic relations between countries matter for the choice of foreign investment location. Using a network perspective, we argue that the extent to which good diplomatic relations induce firms to invest in friendly host countries depends on their political connections to home governments. Those with stronger ties to home governments can better access and leverage intergovernmental diplomatic connections, thus benefiting potentially from enhanced access to information, reduced political risks, and increased legitimacy. Such ability of politically connected firms is more useful where weak institutional impartiality in the host country inhibits neutral treatment of foreign investors. Empirically, using overseas investment location decisions by Chinese firms, we find that the types of home government ties (i.e., whether they are organizational or personal and whether those relationships are with central or local goverments) and the impartiality of host institutions are both important contingencies affecting firms’ utilization of diplomatic relations. We discuss the implications of our study to research on network theory, political ties, and internationalization of emerging market firms.
Link(s) to publication:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41267-017-0098-4
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0098-4
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Estrin, S.; Meyer, K. E.; Pelletier, A.,
2018, "Emerging economy MNEs: How does home country munificence matter?", Journal of World Business, June 53(4): 514 - 528.
Abstract: Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies (EEs) are establishing operations in advanced economies (AEs), apparently departing from traditional models of internationalization. We explore an under-explored difference between EE MNE and their AE counterparts concerning their country of origin: EEs have less munificent business environments. This leads EE MNEs to make different location choices than AE MNEs when entering AEs, specifically because they are more deterred by barriers to entry. We therefore predict EE MNEs to be relatively more deterred by distance and weak intellectual property protection and relatively more attracted by diaspora of migrants and by markets. Our empirical results are consistent with these predictions.
Link(s) to publication:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090951618301743
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.02.004
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Meyer, K. E.; Xin, K.,
2018, "Managing Talent in Emerging Economy Multinationals: Integrating Strategic Management and Human Resource Management", International Journal of Human Resource Management, June 29(11): 1827 - 1855.
Abstract: Having established their first overseas operation, the next big challenge for many emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) is to align their HRs with their strategic ambition. Their lack of internationally experienced talent has become a major obstacle to strategy implementation: they need to fill leadership roles with international responsibility based abroad and at home, and they need to develop talent for future international leadership roles. The key challenge for catch-up strategies thus is to attract, develop, and retain talents who can lead international operations. In this paper, we develop a research agenda on strategic management and HRM in EMNEs that aims to explain the obstacles EMNEs face and facilitates the development of better talent management practice. In particular, we propose to integrate strategic management and HRM perspectives not only to advance theories but to enhance the relevance of both lines of scholarship to practice.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1336362
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Meyer, K. E.,
2018, "Catch-Up and Leapfrogging: Emerging Economy Multinational Enterprises on the Global Stage", International Journal of the Economics of Business, February 25(1): 19 - 30.
Abstract: Over the past decade, emerging economy (EE) multinational enterprises (MNEs), especially from China, have been aggressively catching up with global leaders, often by acquiring companies in advanced economies. This raises the question if and how theories of the MNE should be adjusted. I argue that the nature of their firm-specific advantages differs and, in consequence, their motives, strategies and operations. Also the institutional and policy environment is more complex. Yet, the phenomenon of EE MNEs can largely be explained through appropriate application of existing theories. However, important research questions remain with respect to the implementation of catch-up strategies, the role of the policy environment, and the performance implications.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2017.1374624
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Santangelo, G.; Meyer, K. E.,
2017, "Internationalization as an evolutionary process", Journal of International Business Studies, December 48(9): 1114 - 1130.
Abstract: The Johanson and Vahlne model of internationalization has been the main foundation of process research in international business since 1977. This model, also known as the Uppsala model, provides a useful general framework for interpreting firm-level processes increasing (and occasionally decreasing) resources committed to international operations. However, the model does not provide theoretical explanations of non-linear and discontinuous dynamics of the process over time, nor does it offer testable propositions. We focus on the longitudinal dimension of internationalization, specifically path-breaking commitments that increase a firm’s exposure to risk. On this basis, we examine the idea that the IP model represents an evolutionary process. By emphasizing the role of novelty and introducing selection mechanisms, we explain non-linear and discontinuous dynamics of internationalization processes. Path-breaking resource commitments create novelty and deviate from a gradual path of growth as firms take higher risks, and hence face more intensive selection pressures. In consequence, firms are more likely to experience outstanding performance but are also more likely to experience failure. This variation of outcomes is moderated by the resources a firm can draw upon in its ecosystem and by the volatility of its environment. Based on these ideas, we develop testable propositions to advance the internationalization process model.
Link(s) to publication:
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0119-3
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Rungsithong, R.; Meyer, K. E.; Roath, A. S.,
2017, "Relational capabilities in Thai buyer-supplier relationships", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, December 32(8): 1228 - 1244.
Abstract: Purposebr This paper uses the relational capabilities perspective to provide new insights into the mediating role of relational capabilities and their performance implications. Specially, this paper aims to explain how characteristics of a partnership influence relational capabilities that in turn enhance firm performance. brbr Designmethodologyapproachbr Using data from an original survey of 156 partnership projects between buyers and suppliers in the Thai manufacturing sector, the authors use a structural model to test their hypotheses. brbr Findingsbr The empirical analysis shows that the impact of relational and economic attributes of a partnership on firm performance is mediated by knowledge sharing routines and complementary capability. However, the impact varies between operational and strategic performance, as relational capabilities are strongly associated with operational performance but only indirectly associated with strategic performance. brbr Practical implicationsbr The need to coordinate and mobilize complementary resources not only increases the interdependence between buyers and suppliers but also contributes to firm performance. Specifically, operations can be enhanced by knowledge sharing routines and complementary capability. At a strategic level, operational effectiveness enables firms to benefit from inter-organizational relationships. brbr Originalityvaluebr The authors contribute to industrial marketing knowledge by shedding light on mediation of relational capabilities between inter-organizational attributes and firm performance. The findings demonstrate the value of the relationship between a firm’s supply chain and its relational capabilities which in turn drive project performance.
Link(s) to publication:
https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2017-0027
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Meyer, K. E.; Beugelsdijk, S.; van Witteloostuijn, A.,
2017, "What’s in a p? Reassessing best practices for conducting and reporting hypothesis-testing research", Journal of International Business Studies, July 48(5): 535 - 551.
Abstract: Social science research has recently been subject to considerable criticism regarding the validity and power of empirical tests published in leading journals, and business scholarship is no exception. Transparency and replicability of empirical findings are essential to build a cumulative body of scholarly knowledge. Yet current practices are under increased scrutiny to achieve these objectives. JIBS is therefore discussing and revising its editorial practices to enhance the validity of empirical research. In this editorial, we reflect on best practices with respect to conducting, reporting, and discussing the results of quantitative hypothesis-testing research, and we develop guidelines for authors to enhance the rigor of their empirical work. This will not only help readers to assess empirical evidence comprehensively, but also enable subsequent research to build a cumulative body of empirical knowledge.
Link(s) to publication:
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0078-8
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Meyer, K. E.,
2017, "International business in an era of anti-globalization", Multinational Business Review, June 25(2): 78 - 90.
Abstract: Purposebr The apparent onset of an era of anti-globalization creates significant challenges for international business (IB) practice, research and education. This paper aims to discuss the implication of these challenges for IB scholarship. brbr Designmethodologyapproachbr This essay assesses the needs for research in IB in view of the challenges posed by the anti-globalization movement. brbr Findingsbr The author identifies and analyzes two sets of concerns of the anti-globalization movement: the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization and emergent constraints on national sovereignty. On that basis, he offers suggestions on how international business scholars may contribute to addressing these challenges through research, teaching and public engagement. brbr Practical implicationsbr Businesses need to understand the economic and institutional arguments motivating the anti-globalization movement and to address them within their scope of activity. brbr Social implicationsbr Globalization benefits societies, in general, but some groups do not benefit unless specific remedial action is taken. If these groups are not supported, they can cause political disruption to IB and, hence, economic prosperity. brbr Originalityvaluebr This paper offers a pathway for IB scholars to contribute to discourses on globalization and anti-globalization.
Link(s) to publication:
https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-03-2017-0017
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Hobdari, B.; Gammeltoft, P.; Li, J.; Meyer, K. E.,
2017, "The home country of the MNE: The case of emerging economy firms", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, March 34(1): 1 - 17.
Abstract: Research on multinational enterprises that originate from emerging economies has highlighted the importance of the home country for firms’ strategies of internationalization. In this paper, we outline a simple analytical framework linking institutions and resource munificence in the home country to the domestic business eco-system in an emerging economy, and thereby to strategies of outward investments. Specifically, we argue that businesses interact with each other in their home economy, and these patterns of interactions influence strategies of internationalization as companies not only compete with each other, but share resources, coordinate actions and serve as each other’s role model. Strategies of outward investment thus reflect the competition and collaboration in their home country business eco-system.
Link(s) to publication:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10490-017-9505-4?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst
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Santangelo, G.; Meyer, K. E.; Jindra, B.,
2016, "MNE subsidiaries’ outsourcing and insourcing of R&D: The role of local institutions", Global Strategy Journal, November 6(4): 247 - 268.
Abstract: The rules for business vary not only between countries, but within countries. Subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs), thus, have to consider both the national level and the local context when designing their business practices. To examine this impact, we study R&D outsourcing in four Eastern member states of the European Union and find that local R&D outsourcing is used more frequently where local institutions are strong. However, this local impact depends on the MNE's overall knowledge sourcing practice and is weaker when MNE subsidiaries’ knowledge management prioritizes external sources of knowledge.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1137
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Meyer, K. E.; Benito, G.,
2016, "Where do MNEs locate their headquarters? At home", Global Strategy Journal, May 6(2): 149 - 159.
Abstract: We discuss the concept of corporate headquarters and outline a simple model of where MNEs locate their corporate headquarters. In line with substantial empirical evidence, this model emphasizes the inertial forces that tie MNEs to the location where they have historically first been established. We then aggregate our analysis to the national level to identify the determinants of the number of MNE headquarters in a given country. On that basis, we offer a critique of the study by Coeurderoy and Verbeke [this issue, and outline directions for future research.
Link(s) to publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1115
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